Currently selected comparison group:
This dial shows what a residential customer is charged monthly for
gallons on his or her water bill relative to other utilities in the selected comparison group.
What about public fire protection charges?
If a utility has a public fire protection (PFP) charge, this has been included in the bill calculated in this dial.
PFP charges may be collected as an addition to the water bill, the property tax bill, or a combination of both.
Please see the "More Info" box within the interactive map window for details on utility-specific PFP charges.
For purposes of this survey, all PFP charges are modeled as an addition to the existing base charge.
PFP charges cover the costs to augment the utility’s water system in order to provide the high flows and pressures needed to fight fires.
The augmented water plant attributable to fire protection includes wells, water treatment equipment, pumps, storage facilities,
water mains, and hydrants. The cost of the water used to fight fires is not included,
as it is relatively insignificant compared to the cost of the related plant.
More information on PFP charges in Wisconsin can be found here.
What do the colors mean? The dark green band spanning the middle of the dial shows the spread of bills for the middle 50% of utilities in the comparison group at the chosen consumption level. Utilities that fall within this color band are charging similar amounts to the middle majority of comparable utilities. The full green band (including the two lighter green bands on either side of the dark green band) reflect what the middle 80% of comparable utilities are charging.
The yellow bands at the bottom and top of the dial's span reflect the bills that a minority of comparable utilities are charging. The yellow band at the bottom, on the left, shows the lowest 10% of bills charged by the comparable utilities. Utilities charging much lower than their peers may be at higher risk of not generating sufficient revenue to cover their expenses and should assess the long-term financial health of the utility. On the other end, the yellow band at the top of the dial, on the right, shows the highest 10% of bills charged by comparable utilities. While high rates typically reflect higher costs associated with providing water in certain areas of the state, high rates may create concerns with customer affordability.
However, the color bands of this dial are meant to serve as visual cues for where a utility falls within its peer group, and do not by themselves fully indicate the merit of a utility’s rate setting practices. For a more in-depth analysis of rate and their financial implications, please use our free Water & Wastewater Rates Analysis Model tool.
Operating Revenues | |
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Operating Expenses including depreciation | |
Depreciation & amortization expense |
This dial displays the charge for the next 1,000 beyond the selected consumption point of .
A higher marginal price is one way a utility can send a pricing signal to its customers to encourage conservation and efficiency. Depending on how a utility structures its rates, a higher marginal price per 1,000 may target residential customers with high use, which, in addition to household consumptive use, may include irrigation, leaking fixtures, and other uses.
Conversely, a lower marginal price may promote consumption, or other rate-setting objectives.
What are one-time fees? This dial shows what a residential customer is charged on a one-time basis, relative to other utilities in the selected comparison group, at the time that they are connected to the water and/or sewer systems. Connection fees (a.k.a. tap fees, etc.) are designed to recover all or a portion of the materials and labor cost of connecting a customer to the nearest water or sewer line. In the case of water connections, costs may include the tap, pipe material and installation, water meter, meter box, and other associated material and labor costs.
Capital Recovery fees (a.k.a. impact fees, etc.) are intended to recover some or all of the capital costs associated with developing and maintaining system capacity. Water system capacity charges can include costs for source water supply and collection, treatment facilities, storage, pumps, and distribution. Wastewater system capacity features include collection systems and mains, as well as treatment and discharge facilities. Different utilities have different fee-setting philosophies, and may choose, within the bounds of the law and regulation in the state in question, to set up one or both of these fees, as well as how much of capacity cost is included in recurring rates versus one-time charges.
What do the colors mean? The dark green band spanning the middle of the dial shows the spread of one-time fees for the middle 50% of utilities in the comparison group. Utilities that charge within this color band are charging similar to the middle majority of comparable utilities. The full green band (including the two light green bands on either side of the dark green band) reflect what the middle 80% of comparable utilities are charging.
The yellow bands at the bottom and the top of the dial reflect the one-time fees that a minority of comparable utilities are charging. The yellow band at the bottom of the dial shows the lowest 10% of one-time fees charged by the comparable utilities. On the other end, the yellow band at the top of the dial shows the highest 10% of one-time fees charged by the comparable utilities.
Annual Bills | |
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Annual MHI |
Operating Revenues | |
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Operating Expenses | |
Depreciation & Amortization Expense |
Current Assets | |
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Current Liabilities |
Quick Ratio is a measure of short-term liquidity. That is, a utility’s ability to pay its current bills. It may be calculated as the ratio of unrestricted current assets (excluding inventories and pre-paids) to current liabilities (including deferred revenues and excluding BAN’s), although there are also other ways to calculate quick ratio. The industry-accepted minimum benchmark for this ratio is 2, although utilities should strive to achieve a higher ratio for financial security. For utilities that provide sewer, electric, and/or gas service, the quick ratio reflects financial data for the combined services.
Days Cash on Hand measures the level of unrestricted cash (reserves) your utility maintains relative to day-to-day expenditures. In summation, this estimates the number of days your utility can pay its daily expenditures (including operation and maintenance expenses, taxes, and interest on long-term debt) with no revenue coming in. There are no natural benchmarks for this indicator although the higher the number, the more protected your utility is against revenue shocks. Generally, a utility should aim to maintain several months’ worth of cash on hand, and at the very least exceed the length of the billing period (usually 30 to 60 days). AA-rated utilities and beyond often maintain over one year’s worth of days cash on hand.
For utilities that provide sewer, electric, and/or gas service, the days cash on hand calculation may not be a useful depiction of the ability to withstand revenue shocks.
Operating Revenues | |
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Operating Expenses |
Total Long-Term Debt | |
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Total Net Assets or Fund Equity |
This indicator measures the existing level of leveraging of assets, and is used by funders and bond rating agencies to evaluate the risk of providing additional loans to the utility. The ratio indicates the amount of long-term debt that exists for every $1 of assets (fund equity). A utility with a ratio greater than 1.0 has more long-term debt than equity in the system’s assets. There are no natural benchmarks for this indicator, and funders and bond rating agencies will assess this ratio in various ways. In general, the higher this ratio, the more likely the utility will be considered to be over-leveraged and the more difficult it will be for the utility to obtain additional loans.
For this ratio, Net Assets are equal to the Net Investment Rate Base of the utility.
Accumulated Infrastructure Depreciation Expense | |
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Total Depreciable Assets |
Operating Revenues | |
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Operating Expenses including depreciation | |
Depreciation & amortization expense |
Utility Owner | |
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Ownership type | |
Primary County | |
Primary service area | |
Date Rates Effective |
Median for | Statewide Stats | ||||||||
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Number of Systems | 1 | 579 | |||||||
Est. Number of Connections | |||||||||
Est. Service Population | |||||||||
Operating Revenue | |||||||||
Operating Expense | |||||||||
Current Assets | |||||||||
Census Year |   | 2018 | |||||||
Average Household Size | 2.4 | ||||||||
Median Household Income | $59,209 | ||||||||
Poverty Rate | 11.87% |
This Rates Dashboard is designed to assist utility managers, finance directors, Board members, local officials, reporters, and customers to compare their utility's residential water rates against multiple attributes, including system characteristics, customer base demographics, and geography. Rates and financial data for this dashboard are provided by the Division of Water Utility Regulation and Analysis at the Wisconsin Public Service Commission (PSC).
The PSC oversees more than 580 drinking water utilities operating in Wisconsin, including municipal and investor-owned utilities. The PSC's authority extends to any water system that provides water to the public for domestic, commercial, or industrial purposes. However, regional water authorities, cooperatives, water trusts, and private wells are generally not subject to PSC regulation. To help ensure that the state's water utilities have sufficient financial capacity to provide public health and safety, the PSC establishes and approves rates and monitors utilities' financial sufficiency. The rate-setting process typically addresses multiple objectives, including cost recovery, affordability, economic development, resource sustainability, and other community-specific factors.
This Water Rates Dashboard was created by the Environmental Finance Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by the Wisconsin Public Service Commission. The Rates Dashboard is updated periodically to provide the most accurate data for decision-making and analysis. Additional free resources for water utilities are provided below.
Demographic Information ? | |
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Service Area | |
2018 Percent Poverty | |
2018 Percent Below 2x Federal Poverty Income | |
2018 Median Household Income | |
2018 20th Percentile Income | |
2018 Unemployment |
Water System Characteristics Obtained from SDWIS and the CA Water Board | ||
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PWSID | ||
Community Water System Name | ||
Primary Water Source Type | ||
Number of Monitoring Violations 2017-2020 | ? | |
Number of Water Quality Violations 2017-2020 | ? | |
Service Population | ? | |
Number of Connections | ? | |
Percent of Connections that are Metered | ? | |
Compliance Status with the Human Right to Water watchlist in 2020 | ? |
Community Characteristics Obtained from the Census Bureau ? | |
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Service Area | |
Population 2018 | |
Population 2010 | |
Population Change |